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1.
Acta méd. colomb ; 45(4): 29-33, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1278138

ABSTRACT

Abstract Infectious endocarditis (IE) is a multisystemic disease caused by an infection, generally bacterial, of the endocardial surface. Its incidence is three to nine cases per 100,000 persons. Objective: to characterize the patients with a diagnosis of infectious endocarditis seen at the Hospital Universitario San Rafael de Tunja. Materials and methods: a descriptive observational study. Patients seen at the Hospital Uni versitario San Rafael de Tunja between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2019. Sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical, imaging, treatment and outcome variables were gathered. Results: a total of 87 persons with a confirmed diagnosis of infectious endocarditis were seen. The average age was 38.77 years, with an SD ± 13.32 years. Leukocytosis was seen in 90%, neutrophilia in 85%, lymphocytosis in 3%, thrombocytopenia in 4%, elevated serum CRP in 85%, transaminitis in 45%, hyponatremia in 2% and hypernatremia in 4%. All patients received antibiotic treatment; only 23% required surgery. Conclusions: this case series found similar clinical and microbiological characteristics to those reported in other national and international studies. Males were affected more often than females, with the main etiological agent being Staphylococcus aureus. Fever and infectious vasculitis signs were the main clinical manifestations, most often affecting the mitral valve.


Resumen La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es una enfermedad multisistémica que resulta de una infección, generalmente bacteriana, de la superficie endocárdica. Su incidencia es de tres a nueve casos por cada 100 000 personas. Objetivo: realizar una caracterización de los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San Rafael de Tunja con diagnóstico de endocarditis infecciosa. Material y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo. Pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San Rafael de Tunja entre el 1°. de enero del 2010 a 1°. de enero del 2019. Se tomaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, paraclínicas, imagenológicos, terapéuticas y de desenlaces. Resultados: en total se atendieron 87 personas que presentaron diagnóstico confirmado de endocarditis infecciosa. La edad promedio fue 38.77 años con una DE ± 13.32 años. Se observó leucocitosis en 90%, neutrofilia en 85%, linfocitosis en 3%, trombocitopenia en 4%, aumento de los valores séricos de PCR en 85%, transaminitis en 45%, hiponatremia en 2% e hipernatremia en 4%. Todos los pacientes recibieron manejo antibiótico, tan solo 23% requi rieron manejo quirúrgico. Conclusiones: en esta serie de casos se encontraron características clínicas y microbiológicas similares a lo reportado en otras investigaciones nacionales e internacionales. Afectando con mayor frecuencia a personas del sexo masculino, siendo el principal agente causal el Staphylococcus aureus, el agente causal. La fiebre y los signos de vasculitis infecciosa fueron las principales manifestacio nes clínicas, afectado con mayor frecuencia la válvula mitral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Aged , Endocarditis , Diagnostic Imaging , Bacteremia , Heart Valves , Mitral Valve
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 109(6): 533-540, Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887973

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a rare disease, characterized by diastolic dysfunction which leads to reduced peak oxygen consumption (VO2). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been proved to be a fundamental tool to identify central and peripheral alterations. However, most studies prioritize peak VO2 as the main variable, leaving aside other important CPET variables that can specify the severity of the disease and guide the clinical treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate central and peripheral limitations in symptomatic patients with EMF by different CPET variables. Methods: Twenty-six EMF patients (functional class III, NYHA) were compared with 15 healthy subjects (HS). Functional capacity was evaluated using CPET and diastolic and systolic functions were evaluated by echocardiography. Results: Age and gender were similar between EMF patients and HS. Left ventricular ejection fraction was normal in EMF patients, but decreased compared to HS. Peak heart rate, peak workload, peak VO2, peak oxygen (O2) pulse and peak pulmonary ventilation (VE) were decreased in EMF compared to HS. Also, EMF patients showed increased Δ heart rate /Δ oxygen uptake and Δ oxygen uptake /Δ work rate compared to HS. Conclusion: Determination of the aerobic capacity by noninvasive respiratory gas exchange during incremental exercise provides additional information about the exercise tolerance in patients with EMF. The analysis of different CPET variables is necessary to help us understand more about the central and peripheral alterations cause by both diastolic dysfunction and restrictive pattern.


Resumo Fundamento: A endomiocardiofibrose (EMF) é uma doença rara, caracterizada por disfunção diastólica que leva à redução consumo de oxigênio (VO2) pico. O teste de esforço cardiopulmonar (TECP) tem se mostrado uma ferramenta fundamental na identificação de alterações centrais e periféricas. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos prioriza o VO2 pico como a variável principal, em detrimento de outras importantes variáveis do TECP que poderiam identificar a gravidade da doença e direcionar o tratamento clínico. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar limitações centrais e periféricas em pacientes com EMF sintomáticos por meio de variáveis do TECP. Métodos: Vinte e seis pacientes com EMF (classe funcional III, NYHA) foram comparados com 15 indivíduos controle saudáveis (CS). A capacidade funcional foi avaliada por TECP e funções sistólicas e diastólicas por ecocardiografia. Resultados: A idade e o gênero foram similares entre pacientes com EMF e CS. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo foi normal em pacientes com EMF, porém diminuída em comparação aos CS. Os picos de frequência cardíaca, carga de trabalho, VO2, pulso de oxigênio (O2) e da ventilação pulmonar (VE) estavam diminuídos em pacientes com EMF em comparação aos CS. Ainda, os pacientes com EMF apresentaram Δ frequência cardíaca /Δ consumo de oxigênio e Δ consumo de oxigênio /Δ taxa de trabalho aumentados em comparação aos CS. Conclusão: A determinação da capacidade aeróbica por troca respiratória não invasiva durante exercício progressivo fornece informações sobre a tolerância ao exercício em pacientes com EMF. É necessária uma análise das diferentes variáveis do TECP para nos ajudar a compreender mais acerca das alterações centrais e periféricas causadas tanto pela disfunção diastólica como pelo padrão restritivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Respiratory Function Tests , Endocardium/surgery , Endomyocardial Fibrosis/etiology , Exercise Test , Heart Failure/surgery , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Oxygen Consumption , Echocardiography , Case-Control Studies , Exercise Tolerance , Endomyocardial Fibrosis/physiopathology
3.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 24(1): 59-59, ene.-feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-900493

ABSTRACT

Resumen La fibrosis endomiocárdica o endocarditis de Löffler es una patología de causa todavía desconocida, esta puede presentarse durante la evolución de diversas enfermedades de causa infecciosa, tumoral, autoinmune, medicamentos, etc. En muchos casos el presentar eosinofilia moderada (más de 1500 eosinófilos/microlitro) por largos períodos de tiempo puede producir toxicidad en diferentes órganos, entre ellos el corazón, produciendo disfunción del mismo por infiltración directa lo cual daña el tejido y también por las proteínas encontradas en los gránulos, principalmente la proteína catiónica eosinofílica y la proteína básica mayor que tienen predilección por el tejido endocárdico, llevando a su destrucción celular, lo que se traducirá en engrosamiento y fibrosis del subendocardio. Estas alteraciones conllevan a la cardiomiopatía restrictiva, siendo la fibrosis endomiocárdica su principal causa. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 30 a˜nos de edad, que ingresa al hospital por un cuadro de falla cardiaca aguda con evidencia en el ecocardiograma de ingreso de un componente restrictivo biventricular, el cual en diferentes series se presenta hasta en el 51% de los casos. El paciente presentaba una enfermedad hematológica de base, donde la eosinofilia era persistente durante más de 6 meses.


Abstract Endomyocardial fibrosis or Löffler endocarditis is a condition whose cause still remains unknown. It can develop during the progress of multiple infectious or tumour diseases, medication, etc. In many cases, showing moderate eosinophilia (more than 1500 eosinophils/ microliter) for long periods of time can cause organ toxicity, among them the heart. This produces a dysfunction of the heart due to direct infiltration, which damages the tissue, and also due to the proteins found in the granules, mostly eosinophil cationic protein and major basic protein, which have a predilection for endocardial tissue, leading to their cell destruction, which will translate into a subcardial enlargement and fibrosis. These alterations result in restrictive cardiomyopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis being their main cause. We present the case of a 30 year-old male patient who is admitted at the hospital due to acute heart failure with an admission echocardiogram that evidenced a restrictive biventricular component, present in up to 51% of the cases in different series. The patient had a base hematological disorder, where eosinophilia had been persistent for more than 6 months.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive , Thrombosis , Endocardium , Inflammation
4.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 24(2): 225-232, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525555

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estudar a liberação de fatores relaxantes derivados do endotélio (EDRF) pelo endocárdio de aurículas de corações caninos. MÉTODOS: Aurículas atriais caninas foram suturadas em forma de tubos e o efluente desses tubos foram submetidos a ensaios biológicos (sistema de perfusão isolada em câmaras de órgãos) utilizando artéria coronária canina, para a detecção de EDRFs. RESULTADOS: O efluente da aurícula direita promoveu relaxamento de 58,4 + 10,1 por cento e da aurícula esquerda 74,9 + 8,5 por cento da contração inicial obtida pela ação da prostagladina F2α em artéria coronária. Não houve diferença estatística no relaxamento da artéria coronária induzido pelos efluentes das aurículas direita e esquerda. O relaxamento induzido pelos efluentes das aurículas direita e esquerda foi abolido pelo tratamento das mesmas com Triton X-100. O tratamento das aurículas com L-NMMA, um inibidor competitivo da síntese de óxido nítrico, e com indometacina, um inibidor da via da ciclooxigenase, promoveu redução no relaxamento da artéria coronária induzido pelo efluente auricular, indicando que o endotélio endocárdico libera óxido nítrico e prostanóides. CONCLUSÕES: Esse estudo demonstra, pela primeira vez, a liberação luminal in vitro de EDRF e prostaciclina pelo átrio de coração canino. A habilidade do endotélio endocárdico em produzir esses fatores pode ter um papel importante na prevenção da formação de trombos nas câmaras cardíacas.


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors from the endocardium of canine atrial appendage. METHODS: To study the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from intact atrial endocardial endothelium, tube-shaped sutures of canine atrial appendages were performed and effluents from these tubes were bioassayed (isolated perfused organ chamber system) for detection of EDRF in canine coronary artery. RESULTS: Effluent from the right atrial appendage caused a relaxation of 58.4 + 10.1 percent and the left atrial appendage 74.9 + 8.5 percent from the initial prostagladin F2α contraction in coronary artery. No significant statistical difference was detected in effluent from the right and left atrial appendages. This relaxation was abolished by treating the heart tubes with Triton X-100 and reduced by treatment with LNMMA, a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide and with indomethacin, an inhibitor of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway, also indicating the release of vasodilatory prostanoids from the endocardial endothelium. CONCLUSION: This study showed for the first time, in vitro luminal release of EDRF and prostacyclin from the canine heart atrium. The ability of the endocardial endothelium to produce these factors could play an important role in preventing thrombus formation in the cardiac chambers.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , /metabolism , Biological Assay , Endocardium/metabolism , Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors/metabolism , Analysis of Variance , Biological Assay/methods , Coronary Vessels/drug effects , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Heart Atria/metabolism , Indomethacin/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , omega-N-Methylarginine/pharmacology
5.
São Paulo; s.n; 2006. [59] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-587096

ABSTRACT

No infarto, o remodelamento da região ventricular remota tem sido pouco examinado. Previamente, observamos que a redução da pressão de perfusão coronariana (PPC) associa-se ao aparecimento de fibrose subendocárdica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o papel da PPC no remodelamento e na função ventricular esquerda após o infarto. Medidas hemodinâmicas foram determinadas em ratos Wistar imediatamente após o infarto (IM) ou cirurgia fictícia (SH) e ao final dos seguimentos de 1, 3, 7, e 28 dias. Cortes teciduais do coração foram submetidos a coloração com HE, Sirius red, e a imunohistoquímica para a-actina. Duas regiões distintas do ventrículo esquerdo remotas ao infarto foram examinadas: subendocárdio (SE) e interstício (INT). A necrose de miócitos, a infiltração leucocitária e de miofibroblastos, e a fração de volume do colágeno foram determinadas. Comparados com SH, os grupos IM apresentaram menor PPC e disfunção sistólica e diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo. A necrose foi evidente em SE no dia 1. A inflamação e a fibroplasia ocorreram predominantemente em SE até o dia 7. A fibrose foi restrita a SE e evidente desde o dia 3. Em INT, a inflamação ocorreu predominantemente nos dias 1 e 3, mas em menor grau comparada a SE. A queda da PPC associou-se à dilatação progressiva do ventrículo esquerdo. Em SE, a PPC relacionou-se inversamente com a necrose (r =- 0,65, p = 0,003, no dia 1), com a inflamação (r = -0,76, p < 0,001, no dia 1), com a fibroplasia (r = -0,47, p = 0,04, no dia 7) e com a fibrose (r = -0,83, p < 0,001, no dia 28). A necrose no dia 1, a inflamação nos dias 3 e 7 e a fibroplasia no dia 7 relacionaram-se inversamente com a função do ventrículo esquerdo. A PPC é um fator determinante da integridade de SE e interfere com o remodelamento e a função do ventrículo esquerdo.


Left ventricular (LV) subendocardial remodeling has been poorly investigated after myocardial infarction. Previously, we have demonstrated that low coronary driving pressure (CDP) early in the course of infarction was associated with the subsequent development of subendocardial fibrosis. The present study aimed at the investigation of the role of CDP in LV remodeling and function following infarction. Hemodynamics were determined in Wistar rats immediately after infarct surgery (MI group) or sham (SH group) and at days 1, 3, 7, and 28. Heart tissue sections were stained with HE, Sirius red and immunostained for a- actin. Two distinct LV regions remote to MI were examined: subendocardium (SE) and interstitium (INT). Myocyte necrosis, leukocyte and myofibroblast infiltration, and collagen volume fraction were determined. Compared with SH, MI groups showed lower CDP and LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Necrosis was evident in SE at day 1. Inflammation and fibroplasia occurred predominantly in SE as far as day 7. Fibrosis was restricted to SE and was evident beginning from day 3. Inflammation occurred predominantly at days 1 and 3 in INT, but at a lower extent than in SE. CDP fall was associated with progressive LV dilatation. In SE, CDP correlated inversely with necrosis (r = -0.65, p=0.003, at day 1), inflammation (r = -0.76, p < 0.001, at day 1), fibroplasia (r = -0.47, p = 0.04, at day 7) and fibrosis (r = -0.83, p < 0.001, at day 28). Necrosis at day 1, inflammation at days 3 and 7, and fibroplasia at day 7 correlated inversely with LV function. CDP is a key factor to SE integrity following infarction and interferes with LV remodeling and function.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Endocardium , Fibrosis , Glycosaminoglycans , Inflammation , Myocardial Infarction , Necrosis , Ventricular Remodeling
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